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Selasa, 06 Maret 2012

Direct and Indirect Speech

DIRECT SPEECH


Direct speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact words or saying exactly what someone has said (sometimes called quoted speech)

Here what a person says appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word.

For example: 

Rirri said, "Today's lesson is on english presentations."
or
"Today's lesson is on english presentations," Rirri said.


INDIRECT SPEECH
indirect speech reproducing the idea of another person’s words that doesn’t use question mark to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word. Indirect speech is sometimes called reported speech

For example: 
Direct speech :"I'm going to the bookstore", Roland said. 
Indirect speech : Roland said he was going to the bookstore.


TENSE CHANGE


• When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too. 
• Note : the reporting verbs that are usually used to report imperative sentence are :Tell , other command , ask , warn , remind 

Present simple
Past tense

direct : Yolla said “ I eat fried chicken”

indirect :Yolla said that she ate fried chicken.



Past simple 

Past perfect

direct : Father said “ I went to office yesterday”

indirect : Father said (that) He had gone to office the day before.


Future simple

Past future

direct : Itha said "I will buy an i-pad next month"

indirect : Itha said (that) she would buy an i-pad the month after.


Present continuous 

Past continuous

direct : Aya said “ I’m playing tennis”

indirect : Aya said she was playing tennis.


Past continuous 

Past perfect continuous

direct : Ina said “ I was reading earlier”

indirect : Ina said she had been reading earlier


when we want to report what someone said , wedon’t usually repeat their exact words , we use our words , we can use reporting words 
such as tell say as follow by “that clause”

example :
my best friend said that she got up at 4 o’clock
In time expression and pronouns

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